Исследование технологических режимов обработки на фрезерном станке модели 675П по уровню вибрации и величине шероховатости

В работе представлен принцип работы фрезерного станка 675П, принцип и причина вибрации станка, способы диагностики вибрации при обработке и измерение шероховатости обрабатываемой поверхности.

Введение…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13

1. ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКАЯ ЧАСТЬ……………………………………………………………… 16

1.1. Обзор литературы по теме исследования……………………………………………………. 16

1.2. Объект и методы исследования………………………………………………………………….. 17

1.3.Технические характерисуноктики фрезерного станка 675П и схема……………. 18

1.3.1. Назначение и область применения………………………………………………………….18

1.3.2. Габаритные размеры рабочего пространства и соединительной база……… 19

1.3.3. Общий вид широкоуниверсального фрезерного станка 675П………………….19

1.3.4. Перечень составных частей…………………………………………………………………… 20

1.3.5. Схема 675П фрезерного станка……………………………………………………………… 22

1.3.6. Первый запуск станка и подготовка к первому запуск…………………………… 24

1.3.7. Достоинства и недостатки оборудования………………………………………………. 26

1.4. Попутное и встречное фрезерование………………………………………………………….. 28

1.5. Вибрация…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30

1.5.1. Причины вибрации в станках………………………………………………………………… 30

1.5.2. Факторы, влияющие на интенсивность вибраций……………………………………31

1.5.3. Вибродиагностическая информация и измерительное оборудование………32

1.5.4. Приборно-программный комплекс вибродиагностики…………………………… 32

1.5.5. Настройка мобильного диагностического комплекс………………………………. 33

1.5.6. Анализ полученных данных вибрации……………………………………………………34

2. Экспериментальная часть…………………………………………………………………………….36

2.1. Эксперимент по измерению данных о вибрации………………………………………… 36

2.1.1. Подготовка перед экспериментом…………………………………………………………..36

2.1.2. Выбор объекта вибродиагностики и диагностического комплекса………….36
2.1.3. Разработка экспериментальной схемы…………………………………………………… 40

2.1.4.Настройка мобильного диагностического центр…………………………………….. 42

2.1.5. Разработка плана эксперимента…………………………………………………………….. 43

2.1.6. Проведение эксперимент………………………………………………………………………..44

2.2. Анализ данных вибраци…………………………………………………………………………….. 44

2.3. Влияние подачи на шероховатост………………………………………………………………. 49

2.3.1. Разработка плана эксперимента…………………………………………………………….. 49

2.3.2. Измерение шероховатост………………………………………………………………………. 49

2.4. Заключение…………………………………………………………………………………………………53

3. ФИНАНСОВЫЙ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ,РЕСУРСОЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ И
РЕСУРСОСБЕРЕЖЕНИЕ………………………………………………………………………………..54

Введени………………………………………………………………………………………………………………55

3.1. Оценка коммерческого потенциала и перспективности……………………………….56

3.2. Планирование научно-исследовательских работ………………………………………… 60

3.3. Бюджет научно-технического исследования………………………………………………. 61

3.4. Определение ресурсной (ресурсосберегающей), финансовой, бюджетной,
социальной и экономической эффективности исследования………………………………. 70

Выводы по разделу……………………………………………………………………………………………..74

4. СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ………………………………………………………75

4.1. Введение по разделу социальная ответственност……………………………………….. 77

4.2. Правовые и организационные вопросы обеспечения безопасности труда…… 77

4.3.Производственная безопасность…………………………………………………………………. 79

4.4. Экологическая безопасность……………………………………………………………………….88

4.5. Безопасность в чрезвычайных ситуациях…………………………………………………… 89

4.6. Анализ пожарной безопасности…………………………………………………………………. 90

4.7. Заключение по разделу социальная ответственность…………………………………..92
Список литературы……………………………………………………………………………………………. 93

5. Раздел ВКР на иностранном языкe……………………………………………………………… 94

1.Вибрации в технике. Т. 5. Ред. совет: В. Н. Челомей и др. М:
Машиностроение, 1981, 496 с.
2.Барков А. В. Мониторинг и диагностика роторных машин по
вибрации: Учеб. Пособие / Барков А. В., Баркова Н. А., Азовцев А. Ю.
— СПб., 2000. — 158 с.
3.Технические средства диагностирования: Справочник/В. В.
Клюев, П. П. Пархоменко, В. Е. Абрамчук и др.; под общ. Ред. В. В.
Клюева. М.: Машиностроение, 1989. — 672 с.
4.Инструментальный широкоуниверсальный фрезерный станок
675П. Руководство, г. Одесса.
5.Рябов С.А. Современные фрезерные станки и их оснастка, 2006.
6.ГОСТ Р.ИСО 10816-1-97 Вибрация. Контроль состояния машины
по результатам измерения вибрации на не вращающихся частях.
7.Биргер И.А. Техническая диагностика. – М.: Машиностроение,
1978. – 239 с.
8.Вибрация в технике: справочник в 6 т. / под ред. В.Н. Челомея. –
М:
Машиностроение, 1978. ‒ Т. 6. – 456 с.
5. Раздел ВКР на иностранном языке
Vibration detection technology
The efficiency of using metal-cutting machines is characterized by a
number of indicators, the main of which are indicators of productivity,
accuracy. In this regard, the main directions of the metalworking
development were the expansion of the technological capabilities of machine
tools by increasing the range of regulation of cutting conditions (frequency of
rotation and feed) and the use of highly wear-resistant tools. This made it
possible to carry out machining at high speeds and / or with a greater depth of
cut.
When milling machines are in operation, it is not just the cutting process
that has a significant impact on the occurrence of vibrations, but its impact
character. Therefore, it is important to ensure the operability of machine tools
to test them for vibration resistance during cutting.
The experiments on vibrodiagnostics in the process of cutting are being
intensively conducted; the results were used to construct amplitude-
frequency characteristics. Frequency response data enables to set the
relationship between the assigned cutting modes and the level of vibration of
the technical means elements, thereby establishing technological modes
taking into account the dynamic characteristics of the technical means.
2. Purpose of the work: Learn how to perform vibration tests on a
machine during processing in order to find optimal operating modes. One of
the ways to increase the efficiency of metal-cutting machines is expanding
technological capabilities – ranges of cutting modes. This research is aimed
at developing methods for vibration diagnostics of milling metal-cutting
machines.
A fundamental scheme of vibration diagnostics has been proposed and a
test procedure has been described, a plan for an experiment has been
developed. A three-factor experiment was carried out with changes in the
specified ranges: spindle speed, feed and types of milling. Obtaining a
vibration level diagram depends on the designated cutting conditions, which
made it possible to select the optimal modes that determine the operation of
the technological system “machine-tool-tool-part” with a lower vibration
level. A conclusion was made about the prospects of using the developed
vibration diagnostics method to increase the efficiency of the milling
machine tool.
The relevance of the work. In order to machine high-precision parts, the
effects of vibration must be taken into account. Currently, harmful vibration
during machining affects the accuracy of the workpiece, reduces machining
efficiency, and can even be hazardous to users. Obviously, a low vibration
machining mode is safer, the damage to the tool and the machine tool will be
reduced, and the precision of the machined parts will be improved.
3. The development of vibration detection technology
Machining of parts is always accompanied by vibration. Vibration
cannot be eliminated, but it can only be reduced as much as possible. Over
the past 70 years or so, there have been dramatic changes in the methods,
tools, technology and practice of measuring, analyzing and monitoring
machinery: from mechanical instruments that can collect data from simple
low-frequency time signals, to modern high-performance digital instruments
that can analyze the chemical composition of fluids and wear products in
lubricating oil, motor current and perform complex spatial vibration,
ultrasonic and thermal imaging analysis.
The changes in this area are amazing, especially over the past twenty
years.Wecouldwitnesstheimplementationofdata
collectors/microprocessor-based analyzers for on-site operation of equipment,
personal computers for automatic monitoring, diagnosis and information
management, and electronic and signal processing methods for evaluating
technical conditions, detecting and diagnosing faults.
Now, it is almost unbelievable that today’s portable data collectors have
more functions and efficiency than laboratory analysis equipment less than
25 years ago. Today, most faults can be detected at the earliest stages in a
time sufficient to minimize their impact on performance, thus avoiding
emergency situations. The vibration measurement application of industrial
equipment can be represented by at least five basic steps：
1) vibration tolerance – 1939
2)frequency analysis – 1953
3) shaft displacement monitoring – 1965
4) real-time analyzer – 1972
5) portable data collector -1985
Each of these stages contributed to the use, efficiency and effectiveness
of information obtained from vibration as a measure of technical condition.
During this time, a way was made from a simple general vibration level
measurement (measured 70 years ago) to its complex dynamic characteristics,
and it is currently being used for detailed description of the state. Monitoring
the vibration of machines with an assessment of their condition has now
become an integral part of the safe operation of equipment and improving the
efficiency of modern production processes.
4. Experimental part
4.1. Preparation before experiment
Before performing experiments, you must:
be able to use a 675P milling machine for metal processing;
understand the structure of end mills and its parameters;
learn about the types of milling: climb and counter milling;
be able to use the mobile diagnostic complex K-5101 for vibration
monitoring and data analysis.
4.2. Choosing the object of vibration diagnostics and diagnostic
complex
For the experiment, the following elements of the technical means were
selected:
-milling machine model 675P;
– end mill with diameter d = 40mm with number of teeth z = 6;
-preparation of a prismatic form from the material Steel 45;
– device for fixing the workpiece-clamp;
As an information-measuring complex, the mobile diagnostic complex
K-5101 was used, which includes:
-Sensors;
– Measuring module AR2037-100 performing the function of an analog-
to-digital converter;
-a laptop with the installed SPMO “Vibroregistrator-M2”, which allows
to visualize the time signal, build spectrograms, generate reports and make
vibration tests in the Microsoft Word document format.