Барьеры для государственно-частного-партнерства в российском информационно-коммуникационном секторе: выявление и возможные пути решения
Цель – выявление барьеров и разработка рекомендаций по преодолению выявленных барьеров для ГЧП в секторе ИКТ. Задачи: определить основные черты ГЧП на основе анализа зарубежной и русской литературы; Определить концепцию ИКТ и выявить уровень интеграции ИКТ в государственном секторе; Исследовать, как проекты ГЧП реализуются в секторе ИКТ; Выявить барьеры с помощью обзора литературы, официальной документации, законнов; Провести анкетирование с существующими частными партнерами, участниками тендеров для компаний ГЧП и ИТ и финансовыми организациями для проверки значимости выявленных барьеров для проектов ИКТ ГЧП; Создать ранжированный пул барьеров для выявления важности барьеров с точки зрения компаний; Предоставить рекомендации по преодолению выявленных барьеров; Результаты: автор выявил барьеры для ГЧП в секторе ИКТ, получил оценку барьеров на основе мнения частных компаний и дал рекомендации наиболее значимым барьеров для ГЧП в секторе ИКТ.
Today business world and governments are more dependent on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) resources. Cloud services, communication services and software services are most common resources, on which private and public sectors are spending tremendous amount of money. ICT integration in public service plays huge role development of provision of public services [Scupola and Zanfei, 2016; Mimbi and Bankole, 2016]. It allows to promote more efficient and cost-effective government, facilitate more convenient government services, allow greater public access to information, and make government more transparent and accountable to citizens [Asian Development Bank 2020].
Also, the outbreak and rapid spread of COVID-19, for many public sector organizations, is an unprecedented challenge. Local governments, administration and, in particular, health services are at the forefront struggling to find ways to survive and adopt providing public services throught Internet [ec.europa 2020]. Design of new platforms to connect with citizens take time and high effort in time restriction. It means that public sector should actively integrate ICT solution incrementally to ensure providing public services even in case of crises.
Integration ICT in public service requires high budget investments. The statistics of ICT expenditures that lay on regional budgets shows the positive trend from 2015 year. From this time the expenditure on ICT sector double in two times and now it is 161,4 billion rubles( growth 122% from 2015 to 2019 years)[CNew 2019]. In near future the development of ICT will increase the budget load.
One of effective mechanism of decrease the budget load is the application of PPP. This partnership between public and private sector not only decrease the budget expenditure but also bring the innovation technology and expertise in public sector.
Russian federal government attempts to develop PPP in ICT sector improving lawbase(Federal law 173), creating institute infrastructure, such as Research Institute “ Voshod”, PPP accelerators and organizing forums and conference as platform for communication with business. Also, Nasibulin Mikhail, director of the Department for the Coordination and Implementation of Projects in the Digital Economy, claims that to successful implementation national program “Digital Economy’ the public sector should attract private investment near 535 billion rubles, and PPP will be an important tool for this attraction.[Digital.gov 2019]
However, there is no fast growth of PPPs in Russian ICT sector. Analyzing shows that now there is only 36 projects implemented through concession and 7 projects implemented through agreement of PPP.
So, it is essential for the public sector to know what barriers exist in private sector perception to make efforts for overcoming such obstacles and by this to increase the attractiveness of PPP for business.
The novelty of this paper is that there is no research, which investigate the barriers to PPP in Russian ICT sector in terms of private companies’ perception. This research is based on huge amount papers that already revealed barriers to PPP projects both in the world and in Russia. However, this paper fill the gap in identification of barriers to Russian ICT sector.
The purpose of master thesis is to reveal barriers and to give recommendations to overcome identified barriers to PPP in ICT sector.
Though this paper will be solved the next objectives:
• To define main features of PPP based on analysis of foreign and Russian literature
• To identify the concept of ICT and reveal the level of integration ICT in public sector
• To investigate how PPP projects are implementing in ICT sector
• To reveal the advantages of PPP mechanism over traditional procurement in implementing ICT projects
— To reveal the main fields where PPP ICT projects can be implemented
• Analyze the payment mechanisms of PPP projects in ICT sector with example of successful experience of PPP in ICT sector worldwide
• To reveal the key project risks through literature review and case-study
— To analyze PPP projects in ICT sector in Russian market
• To identify barriers through case-study method and literature review
• To conduct questionnaire with existing private partners, bidders for PPP and IT companies, and financial organizations to test significance of identified barriers to ICT PPP projects
• To make the ranked pool of barriers to identify the importance of barriers in companies’ perception
• To provide recommendations to overcome revealed barriers
This paper claims four research questions:
• What barriers in the view of private sector prevent PPPs implementation in Russian ICT?
• How to overcome existing barriers for PPP projects in Russian ICT sector?
The object is the barriers for successful PPPs implementation.
The subject is the perception of existing and potential private partners of existing barriers for successful PPPs implementation.
Methods and Methodology
The theory of constrains is used as methodology analysis. This approach claims that there is no systems, which do not have constrains, limiting the effective development of this system. Based on this author presumes that PPP in ICT sector have pool of barriers that hamper fast development of PPP in ICT sector.
Several types of methods are applied in this paper:
• critical review of previous research to construct research methodology and revealed common barriers
• content analysis of official documentary
• case method of PPP projects in ICT sector that is used to reveal potential barriers in Russian ICT sector for PPP implementation
• conducting questionnaire to identify perception of private sector to barriers and risks
• Semi-structured interviews with experts of PPP to design of recommendation for overcoming identified barriers for PPP in ICT sector
Therefore, identification and elimination barriers by the stakeholders in PPPs will allow the partnerships to function effectively and ensure successful implementation of present and future PPPs. However, it’s important to note that this research and choosed methodology have limitation that are fully describe in the end of paper.
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