Исследование ИИ компаний в области здравоохранения в ведущих странах ИИ на основе базы данных Crunchbase
Целью данной исследовательской работы является рассмотрение компаний ИИ в области здравоохранения в странах-лидерах ИИ, выявление и анализ их уникальных особенностей и характеристик их инвесторов, а также оценка уровня развития ИИ компаний в области здравоохранения в ведущий странах ИИ на основе данных от платформы Crunchbase. По результатам обзора литературы выявлен пробел в исследованиях и определены соответствующие направления для анализа уровня развития искусственного интеллекта в странах, а именно анализ пяти современных индексов ИИ и национальных стратегий стран по развитию ИИ. После определения наиболее развитых стран ИИ (США, Китай, Великобритания, Германия и Сингапур) компании ИИ в области здравоохранения и их венчурные инвесторы, расположенные в пяти наиболее развитых странах ИИ, анализируются с помощью Excel и SPSS-инструментов. Согласно полученным результатам, США являются бесспорным лидером в области ИИ вообще и в области ИИ в здравоохранении, в частности. В качестве вариантов применения исследования на практике, были представлены две формулы для оценки привлекательности ИИ компаний в области здравоохранения и их венчурных инвесторов.
The development of human civilization is ongoing learning process. What distinguishes an ancient person from a modern one is the amount of accumulated knowledge. The complexity, versatility and volume of this knowledge has a direct impact on the entire world economy. The more diverse and advanced the knowledge that a person possesses, the more opportunities he or she has to satisfy their needs, which results in the growth of the well-being of all humankind. The volume of knowledge, its complexity and diversity has grown so fast in recent years that humanity has already come to the edge of assimilation and processing of such a volume of information by only the forces of human brain.
The economy develops cyclically through technological revolutions, in the process of which a change in technological paradigms occurs. Each technological paradigm implies three main components, namely a large amount of cheap resource, set of technologies used to work with this resource and a specific market structure. Humanity is entering a new technological paradigm, the founding of which will be high technology, which includes artificial intelligence (AI). The availability and growing level of computer development (computer facilities) is the first component necessary for a new paradigm.
Despite the fact that computers are becoming cheaper and more powerful, their capacities have not been realized yet. AI (namely Machine learning), being one of the main technologies of the second component of the new technological paradigm, should increase machine intelligence to the level of human and higher in the shortest possible time. Deep learning (another area of AI), already shows the first successes in fields such as computer vision, speech recognition, machine translation, and others reaffirming the conclusions made above.
The new technological paradigm is also characterized by a new approach to doing business (the third component of the technological paradigm). In the digital world, individualization, in contrast to the past focus on the mass market, comes first. Leaders of the digital economy (companies such as Apple, Google, Microsoft, Amazon and Tencent) offer their customers personalized goods and services (using their digital footprint) through a new form of customer and business interaction, digital platforms. The stunning successes of these players are explained by the new success formula of the digital economy (new customers – more data – higher quality of service (through algorithms) – even more customers). Data becomes new oil, players who take possession of them quickly pull away and set new trends for the entire world economy.
The struggle for leadership in the new digital economy has led to a new arms race where artificial intelligence is the main weapon. Over the past few years, more than thirty countries have presented to the world their strategies for AI development. The leaders seem to be the United States and China, but more and more players are joining the race.
Despite all the positive aspects and prospects of the implementation of AI, the business refers to technology with caution and distrust. Traditional institutions are not ready to provide financial support due to too high risks, while many companies cannot afford to invest in such an expensive and fundamental technology, even at the level of simple solutions. This is where startups and venture capital funds come first. Their impact on the growing speed of implementation of AI-based solutions is difficult to overestimate.
Speaking more specifically about the scope of AI, it is worth noting that the Healthcare sector holds an honorable second place (after Financial Technologies (FinTech)) in terms of attracted funding. The demand for technological solutions in the field of healthcare is growing, which makes the use of AI in this area more appropriate, meeting the challenges of the time and having tremendous potential for further practical AI implementations.
Academic Literature in English
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Academic Literature in Other Languages
• Kazakov P.V. (2007). The basics of artificial intelligence: a training manual. BSTU. P. 196.
• Yasnitsky L.N. (2012). Artificial Intelligence. Elective course: study guide. BINOMIAL. – Laboratory of knowledge. P. 197.
Professional Literature and Market Analytics
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• Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare (2019). Academy of Medical Royal Colleges. Retrieved from https://www.aomrc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Artificial_intelligence_in_healthcare_0119.pdf
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• Davenport T , Hongsermeier T , Mc Cord K (2018). Using AI to improve electronic health records. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2018/12/using-ai-to-improve-electronic-health-records
• Deloitte (2019). The future of artificial intelligence in health care: How AI will impact patients, clinicians, and the pharmaceutical industry. Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/life-sciences-and-health-care/articles/future-of-artificial-intelligence-in-health-care.html
• Garner (2019). Gartner Hype Cycle. Retrieved from https://www.gartner.com/en/research/methodologies/gartner-hype-cycle
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• Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (2019). Artificial Intelligence Index. Annual report. Stanford.
• Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (2019). Comparison of National Strategies to Promote Artificial Intelligence. Part 1. Cambrian. Retrieved from https://www.kas.de/documents/252038/4521287/Comparison+of+National+Strategies+to+Promote+Artificial+Intelligence+Part+1.pdf/397fb700-0c6f-88b6-46be-2d50d7942b83?version=1.1&t=1560500570070
• Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (2019). Comparison of National Strategies to Promote Artificial Intelligence. Part 2. Cambrian. Retrieved from https://www.kas.de/documents/252038/4521287/Comparison+of+National+Strategies+to+Promote+Artificial+Intelligence+Part+2.pdf/4c6f3a0d-beaa-09f3-1db4-c66467739653?version=1.1&t=1560500520623
• Lorand Laskai, Graham Webster (2019). Translation: Chinese Expert Group Offers ‘Governance Principles’ for ‘Responsible AI’. Retrieved from https://www.newamerica.org/cybersecurity-initiative/digichina/blog/translation-chinese-expert-group-offers-governance-principles-responsible-ai/
• MIT Technology Review, GE Healthcare (2019). The AI effect: How artificial intelligence is making health care more human. Retrieved from https://www.gehealthcare.co.uk/-/jssmedia/61b7b6b1adc740e58d4b86eef1bb6604.pdf?la=en-gb
• NITI Aayog (2018). National strategy for artificial intelligence. Discussion paper. Retrieved from https://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/document_publication/NationalStrategy-for-AI-Discussion-Paper.pdf
• Oxford Insights (2019). Government Artificial Intelligence Readiness index. Retrieved from https://ai4d.ai/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/ai-gov-readiness-report_v08.pdf
• Oxford University Press (2006). The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2ed. Retrieved from https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095426960
• Peter Micca, Claire Boozer Cruse and Maulesh Shukla (2020). Health tech investment trends: How are investors positioning for the future of health? Deloitte. Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/industry/health-care/health-tech-investment-trends.html
• Roland Berger (May, 2018). Artificial Intelligence – A strategy for European startups. Retrieved from https://www.rolandberger.com/en/Media/AI-startups-as-innovations-drivers-Europe-must-take-action-to-establish-a-compe.html
• Smart Nation Singapore (2019). National Artificial Intelligence Strategy. Retrieved from https://www.smartnation.gov.sg/why-Smart-Nation/NationalAIStrategy
• The European Commission (2020). White Paper on Artificial Intelligence – A European approach to excellence and trust. Retrieve from https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/white-paper-artificial-intelligence-european-approach-excellence-and-trust_en
• The Future Today Institute (2019). Tech Trends Report. Retrieved from https://futuretodayinstitute.com/2019-tech-trends/
• The Select Committee on AI (2018). Government response to House of Lords Artificial Intelligence Select Committee’s Report on AI in the UK: Ready, Willing and Able? Retrieved from https://www.parliament.uk/documents/lords-committees/Artificial-Intelligence/AI-Government-Response.pdf
• The State Council of China (2017). New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Development Plan (新一代人工智能发展规划). Translated by the Foundation for Law and International Affairs. Retrieved from https://flia.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/A-New-Generation-of-Artificial-Intelligence-Development-Plan-1.pdf
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• Tortoise (2019). Introducing the Global AI index. Retrieved from https://www.tortoisemedia.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2020/02/191203_AI_Part1_v3.pdf
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Other Sources
• Agency for Strategic Initiatives (2020). National Technology Initiative. Official website. [URL]: https://asi.ru/eng/nti/
• Andy Peart (June 2, 2017). Homage to John McCarthy, the Father of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Artificial Solutions. Retrieved from https://www.artificial-solutions.com/blog/homage-to-john-mccarthy-the-father-of-artificial-intelligence
• Anne Trafton (2020). Artificial intelligence yields new antibiotic. MIT News Office. Retrieved from http://news.mit.edu/2020/artificial-intelligence-identifies-new-antibiotic-0220
• Berg S. (2018). Nudge theory explored to boost medication adherence. American Medical Association. Retrieved from https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/patient-support-advocacy/nudge-theory-explored-boost-medication-adherence
• Emily Mullin (2017). Voice Analysis Tech Could Diagnose Disease. MIT Technology Review. Retrieved from https://www.technologyreview.com/s/603200/voice-analysis-tech-could-diagnose-disease/
• Garbuk Sergey (2019). Technical Committee for Standardization ТC164 “Artificial intelligence”. Retrieved from https://ict.moscow/presentation/tekhnicheskii-komitet-po-standartizatsii-tk164-iskusstvennyi-intellekt/
• Government of Singapore (2020). A Singapore government agency website. [URL]: https://www.gov.sg/
• Gusev A. (2017). Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. Comprehensive Medical Information Systems company. Retrieved from https://www.kmis.ru/blog/iskusstvennyi-intellekt-v-meditsine/
• Jonathan Cook (2013). What is the future of market research? Quora. Retrieved from https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-future-of-market-research
• Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2020). Artificial intelligence. Retrieved from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/artificial%20intelligence
• Sethuraman Arun (2019). Bridging Gaps Between HealthTech Innovation and Stakeholder Adoption. Ecosystm. Retrieved from https://blog.ecosystm360.com/bridging-gaps-between-healthtech-innovation-and-stakeholder-adoption/
• The government of Russian Federation (2017). The Digital Economy program of Russian Federation. Retrieved from http://static.government.ru/media/files/9gFM4FHj4PsB79I5v7yLVuPgu4bvR7M0.pdf
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• The President of Russian Federation (2020). Official website. [URL]: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/57425
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