В современных условиях нестабильности внешней среды и увеличивающейся конкуренции у бизнеса возникает крайняя необходимость искать новые источники конкурентных преимуществ. Одним из возможных путей решения данной проблемы является выбор компаниями Предпринимательской Ориентации (ПО) как основы принятия стратегических решений. Несмотря на то, что концепт ПО был тщательно исследован в течение последних десятилетий, её влияние на результаты деятельности фирмы так и не было признано однозначно положительным. Данная работа объясняет противоречия между результатами предшествующих исследований, рассматривая национальную культуру, как модератор связи между ПО и результатами деятельности фирмы. В качестве отдельных факторов данное исследование использует следующие измерения национальной культуры: индивидуализм, избегание неопределённости и дистанцию власти. Опираясь на данные 7384 фирм из 46 стран, исследование показывает, что связь между ПО и результатами деятельности фирмы является положительной, тогда как избегание неопределённости негативно влияет на данную связь, а в высоко индивидуалистических культурах данная связь выражается сильнее.

Being one of the key drivers of today’s economic growth, ever-emerging firms have always been an essential target of scientific research. As contemporary external environment is characterized by consistent globalization processes and shortening product and business model lifecycles (Hamel, 2000), such firms are constantly involved in an increasing competition and environmental dynamism. Thus, firms’ managers are faced with an imperative of constantly striving for a sustainable competitive advantage guaranteeing the long-term growth. During the emergence of such firms, founders elaborate certain principles intended on the achievement of sustainable competitive advantage. These principles are also described by the term strategic orientation. Among others, the Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) refers to an ability to develop and adopt innovative initiatives to rejuvenate market offerings, proactive behavior and willingness to try out new products, services and markets (Covin & Slevin, 1991). During the last decades, the construct of EO was extensively researched and became one of the most established concepts in entrepreneurial literature (Wales, 2016) sometimes even being called a central concept of the entrepreneurship theory that have received an impressive amount of attention from almost every part of global research community (Covin, Green, & Slevin, 2006).
Stemming from strategic management theory, the EO was considered a success factor of entrepreneurial firms being a subject to be proven empirically or statistically. Thus, many researchers concentrated their efforts on investigating the relation between the EO and firm performance. However, not all the results confirmed an undoubtedly positive impact of EO on firm’s performance: some of them have demonstrated weak or non-linear dependence (Smart & Conant, 1994) while others have proven it to be negative under some conditions (Hart, 1992), which indicates a necessity to explain the contingencies of its behavior according to one or another hypothesis.
Entrepreneurial orientation of a firm is dynamic: it evolves over time like other strategic components. Thus, the relation between the EO and performance is to be not only proven by itself on different samples, but also regularly in order to monitor the changes of the EO across many firms (Basso et al., 2009). From this perspective, the data being used by this study appear even more relevant: GUESSS survey that was conducted on university students is able to provide understandings based on the responses of emerging entrepreneurs, students who have already started own business and are likely to become main decision-makers of the nearest future.
According to some studies, the relationship between the EO and business performance appeared to be positive while other studies failed to indicate such positive relation. Consequently, the variance of the strength and direction of the relationship is likely to depend on the contingencies of each study. These contingencies or moderators can represent either internal or external environment of a firm. The present research was decided to be concentrated on external environment moderators due to the reasons discussed below.
Between moderators of external environment especially appropriate for this relation tend to be those related to national culture: cultural contingency was considered one of the most attractive directions of research on EO only about a decade ago (Lumpkin & Dess, 2005), which caused an increasing interest of the researchers. However, although some studies succeeded in explaining determinants of the relationship (Saeed et al., 2014), by 2017 studies on cultural contingencies of the aforementioned relation remain rare (Rigtering et al., 2017), resulting in a distinct research gap. Therefore, the present study is aimed to fill the gap by concentrating on cultural contingency as a moderator of the EO-Performance relation. As the most relevant measurement framework of natural culture is Hofstede’s cultural dimensions (Hofstede, 2011), it was decided to use some of its dimensions as the moderators. Considering the rationale present in the following chapter, the dimensions of Individualism, Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance were chosen to be the moderators.
Taking into account the aforementioned arguments, it was decided to concentrate specifically on the following research questions: How does national culture influence EO-performance relationship? What is the impact of individualism on the relation between EO and performance? How does power distance affect this relationship? Finally, how does the uncertainty avoidance influence this relation? To answer these questions, a sample of 7384 perspective entrepreneurs from 46 countries was used.
The first chapter focuses on the theoretical concepts crucial to understanding the EO-Performance relation, including the EO itself, its dimensions, its measurement principles as well as on the review of the findings made by the researchers of similar topics. Then the analysis of the moderators decided to be used by this research is present: the choice of the dimensions of individualism, power distance and uncertainty avoidance is explained along with Hofstede’s theoretical framework resulting in hypotheses statement.
The second chapter is concentrated on the results of quantitative study: all the data being used are described, applied variables and statistical procedure is explained. Moderated hierarchical linear regression analysis outputs are preceded by descriptive statistics and correlations. Then follows the judgment about hypotheses acceptance and managerial implications of the study

Autio, E., Pathak, S., & Wennberg, K. (2013). Consequences of cultural practices for entrepreneurial behaviors. Journal of International Business Studies 44 (4), 334–362.
Avlonitis, G. J., & Salavou, H. E. (2007). Entrepreneurial orientation of SMEs, product innovativeness, and performance. Journal of Business Research, 60, 566–575.
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management 17 (1), 99–120.
Basso O., Fayolle A., & Bouchard V. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation: the making of a concept. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, November, 2009, 313–321.
Boehmer, M., Funke, C., Sachs, A., Weinelt, H., & Weiss, J. (2016). Globalization Report 2016: Who benefits most from globalization?
Boso, N., Story, V., & Cadogan, J. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, network ties, and performance: Study of entrepreneurial firms in a developing economy. Journal of Business Venturing, 28 (6), 708–727.
Carl, D., Gupta, V., & Javidan, M. (2004). Culture, leadership, and organizations: The GLOBE study of 62 societies. Thousand Oaks, CA.
Clausen, T. H., & Madsen, E. L. (2011). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Firm Performance: A Dynamic Perspective. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 31 (12).
Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
Compare countries – Hofstede Insights. (2015). Retrieved from https://www.hofstede-insights.com/product/compare-countries/
Cools, E., & Van den Broeck, H. (2007/2008). The hunt for the Heffalump continues: Can trait and cognitive characteristics predict entrepreneurial orientation. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 18 (2), 23– 41.
Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1988). The influence of organization structure on the utility of an entrepreneurial top management style. Journal of Management Studies, 25 (3), 217–234.
Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1989). Strategic management of small ﬁrms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10, 75–87.
Covin, J. G., & Wales, W. J. (2012). The measurement of entrepreneurial orientation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36 (4), 678–680.
Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1998). The inﬂuence of organization structure on the utility of an entrepreneurial top management style. Journal of Management Studies, 25 (3), 217–234.
Covin, J. G., Green, K. M., & Slevin, D. P. (2006). Strategic process effects on the entrepreneurial orientation – sales growth rate relationships. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30 (1), 57–81.
Covin, J. G., Slevin, D. P., & Schultz, R. L. (1994). Implementing strategic missions: Effective strategic, structural, and tactical choices. Journal of Management Studies, 31 (4), 481–505.
Cyert, R., & March, J. A. (1963). Behavioural Theory of the Firm. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Dess, G., Lumpkin, G., & Eisner, A. (2010). Strategic Management: Creating Competitive Advantages. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Doty, D. H., Glick, W. H., & Huber G. P. (1993). Fit, equiﬁnality, and organizational effectiveness: A test of two conﬁgurational theories. Academy of Management Journal, 36 (6), 1196–1250.
Eringa, K., Caudron, L., Fei Xie, K. R., & Gerhardt, T. (2015). How relevant are Hofstede’s dimensions for inter-cultural studies? A replication of Hofstede’s research among current international business students, Research in Hospitality Management, 5 (2), 187–198.
Eurostat classification (2016). Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:Statistical_classification_of_economic_activities_in_the_European_Community
Financial Times Lexicon. (2018). Retrieved from http://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=entrepreneurial-orientation
Fischer, R., & Schwartz, S. (2011). Whence Differences in Value Priorities?: Individual, Cultural, or Artifactual Sources. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 42, 1127–1145
GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) | Data. (2016). Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.PP.CD?end=2016&start=1990&view=chart
GLOBE Project – 2014 Study. (2014). Retrieved from http://globeproject.com/study_2014#research-design
Grant, R. M. (1991). The Resource–Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formulation. California Management Review 33 (3), 114–135.
Hamel, G. (2000). Leading the Revolution. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Hart, S. L. (1992). An integrative framework for strategy-making processes. Academy of Management Review, 17 (2), 327–351.
Hayton, J., George, G., & Zahra, S. (2002). National culture and entrepreneurship: A review of behavioral research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26 (4), 33–52.
Hofstede dimension scores. (2015). Retrieved from https://geerthofstede.com/research-and-vsm/dimension-data-matrix/
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1980 (revised and expanded in 2001).
Hofstede, G. (1981). Culture and organizations. International Studies of Management and Organization, 10 (4), 15–41.
Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2 (1), 1–12.
House, R. J., Hanges, P. J., Javidan, M., Dorfman, P. W., & Gupta, V. (2004) Culture, Leadership, and Organizations, Sage Publishing, Thousand Oaks, CA.
House, R. J., Javidan, M., & Dorfman, P. W. (2001). Project GLOBE: An introduction. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 50 (4), 489–505.
Inglehart R. F. (1990). Culture shift in advanced industrial societies. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.
Khandwalla, P. N. (1976–1977). Some top management styles, their context and performance. Organization and Administrative Sciences, 7 (4), 21–51.
Kreiser, P., Marino, L., & Weaver, M. (2002). Assessing the psychometric properties of the entrepreneurial orientation scale: A multi-country analysis. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26 (4), 71–94.
Kreiser, P., Marino, L., Dickson, P., & Weaver, M. (2010). Cultural influences on entrepreneurial orientation: the impact of national culture on risk taking and proactiveness in SMEs, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34 (5), 959–983.
Kreiser, P., Marino, L., Kuratko, D., & Weaver, K. (2012). Disaggregating entrepreneurial orientation: The non-linear impact of innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking on SME performance. Small Business Economics, 40, 273–291.
Lee, C., Lee, K., & Pennings, J. M. (2001). Internal capabilities, external networks, and performance: A study of technology bases ventures. Strategic Management Journal, 22, 615–640.
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation. The Blackwell Encyclopedic Dictionary Of Entrepreneurship (Blackwell Encyclopedia of Management), 104–107.
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21 (1), 135–172.
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (2001). Linking two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance: The moderating role of environment and industry life cycle. Journal of Business Venturing, 16 (5), 429–451.
Lyon, D. W., Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (2000). Enhancing entrepreneurial orientation research: Operationalizing and measuring a key strategic decision making process. Journal of Management, 26, 1055–1085.
Marino, L., Strandholm, K., Steensma, K., & Weaver, K.M. (2002). The moderating effect of national culture on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and strategic alliance portfolio extensiveness. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26, 145–160.
Martins, I., & Criado, A. (2013). Entrepreneurial Orientation, Environmental Hostility and SMEs Profitability: A Contingency Approach. Cuadernos de Gestion, 13, 67–88.
Maseland, R., & van Hoorn, A. (2009). Explaining the negative correlation between values and practices: A note on the Hofstede-GLOBE debate. Journal of International Business Studies, 40, 527–532.
McGrath, R. G. (1999). Falling forward: real options reasoning and entrepreneurial failure. Academic Management Review, 24 (1), 13–30.
Merz, G. R., & Sauber, M. H. (1995). Proﬁles of managerial activities in small ﬁrms. Strategic Management Journal, 16, 551–564.
Miles, R. E., & Snow, C. C. (1978). Organizational Strategy, Structure and Process. New York: McGraw–Hill, 274.
Miller, D., & Friesen, P. H. (1978). Archetypes of strategy formulation. Management Science, 24, 294–316.
Miller, D. (1983). The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of ﬁrms. Management Science, 29 (7), 770–791.
Miller, D., & Friesen, P. H. (1977). Strategy making in context: Ten empirical archetypes. The Journal of Management Studies, 14 (3), 253–280.
Miller, D., & Friesen, P. H. (1984). A longitudinal study of the corporate life cycle. Management Science, 30 (10), 1161–1183.
Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and Organizations, Software of the Mind, 205–258.
Minkov, M. (2018). A revision of Hofstede’s model of national culture: old evidence and new data from 56 countries. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, 25 (2), 231–256.
Minkov, M., & Hofstede, G. (2012). Is national culture a meaningful concept? Cultural values delineate homogeneous national clusters of in-country regions. Cross-Cultural Research, 46 (2), 133–159.
Mintzberg, H. (1973). Strategy-making in three modes. California Management Review, 16 (2), 44–53.
Morris, M. H., & Paul, G. W. (1987). The relationship between entrepreneurship and marketing in established firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 2 (2), 247–259.
Morris, M. H., Davis, D. L., & Allen, J. W. (1994). Fostering corporate entrepreneurship: Cross-cultural comparisons of the importance of individualism versus collectivism. Journal of International Business Studies, 25 (1), 65–89.
Mueller, S., & Thomas, A. (2001). Culture and entrepreneurial potential: A nine country study of locus of control and innovativeness. Journal of Business Venturing, 16 (1), 51–75.
Naman, J. L., & Slevin, D. P. (1993). Entrepreneurship and the concept of fit: A model and empirical tests. Strategic Management Journal, 14, 137–153.
Naman, J., & Slevin, D. (1993). Entrepreneurship and the concept of ﬁt: A model and empirical test. Strategic Management Journal, 14 (2), 137–153.
Pearce, J. A., II, Fritz, P., & Davis, P. S. (2010). Entrepreneurial orientation and the performance of religious congregations as predicted by rational choice theory. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34 (1), 219–248.
Pines, A. M., Lerner, M., & Schwartz, D. (2010). Gender differences in entrepreneurship: Equality, diversity and inclusion in times of global crisis, Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 29 (2), 186–198.
Rauch, A., Frese, M., Wang, Z-M., & Unger, J. (2010). National Cultural Values, Firm’s Cultural Orientation, Innovation and Performance: Testing Cultural Universals and Specific Contingencies Across Five Countries. In Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 15 (30), 41–66.
Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Lumpkin, G. T., & Frese, M. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance: An assessment of past research and suggestions for the future. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 33 (3), 761–787.
Richard, O. C., Barnett, T., Dwyer, S., & Chadwick, K. (2004). Cultural diversity in management, firm performance, and the moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation dimensions. Academy of Management Journal, 47 (2), 255–268.
Rigtering, J., Eggers, F., Kraus, S., & Man-Ling, C. (2017). Entrepreneurial orientation, strategic planning and firm performance: The impact of national cultures. European Journal of International Management, 11, 301.
Rosenberg, M. (1968). The logic of survey analysis. New York, Basic Books.
Roskos‐Ewoldsen, B., Black, S. R., & McCown, S. M. (2008). Age‐related Changes in Creative Thinking. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 42, 33–59.
Saeed, S., Yousafzai, S., & Engelen, A. (2014). On Cultural and Macroeconomic Contingencies of the Entrepreneurial Orientation–Performance Relationship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38 (10), 255–290.
Schafer, D. S. (1990). Level of entrepreneurship and scanning source usage in very small businesses. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 15 (2), 19–31.
Schillo, S. (2011). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Company Performance: Can the Academic Literature Guide Managers? Technology Innovation Management Review, November, 21–25.
Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The theory of Economic Development, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theory and empirical tests in 20 countries. Advances in experimental social psychology, 25, 1–65.
Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Cultural dimensions of values: towards an understanding of national differences, in U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S. C. Choi and G. Yoon (Eds.) Individualism and Collectivism: Theoretical and Methodological Issues, 85–119.
Shaiq, H., Khalid. H. Azam, A., & Ali, B. (2011). Why not everybody loves Hofstede? What are the alternative approaches to study of culture? European Journal of Business and Management, 3 (6), 101–112.
Sieger, P., Fueglistaller, U., & Zellweger, T. (2016). Student Entrepreneurship 2016: Insights From 50 Countries. International Report of the GUESSS Project 2016, Swiss Research Institute of Small Business and Entrepreneurship at the University of St. Gallen (KMU-HSG), St. Gallen.
Smart, D. T., & Conant, J. S. (1994). Entrepreneurial Orientation, Distinctive Marketing Competencies and Organizational Performance. Journal of Applied Business Research, 10, 28–38.
Steensma, H. K., Marino, L., Weaver, K. M., & Dickson, P. H. (2000). The inﬂuence of national culture on the formation of technology alliances by entrepreneurial ﬁrms. Academy of Management Journal, 43 (5), 951–973.
Swierczek, F., & Thanh Ha, T. (2003). Entrepreneurial Orientation, Uncertainty Avoidance and Firm Performance: An Analysis of Thai and Vietnamese SMEs. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 4, 46–58.
Tan, J., & Tan, D. (2005). Environment-strategy coevolution and coalignment: A staged-model of Chinese SOEs under transition. Strategic Management Journal, 26 (2), 141–157.
Tang, J., Tang, Z., Marino, L., Zhang, Y., & Li, Q. (2008). Exploring an inverted u-shape relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance in Chinese ventures. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32 (1), 219–239
Tang, Z., & Hull, C. (2012). An investigation of entrepreneurial orientation, perceived environmental hostility, and strategy application among Chinese SMEs. Journal of Small Business Management, 50 (1), 132–158.
Triandis, H. (1994). Culture and social behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Urbano, D., & Alvarez, C. (2013). Institutional dimensions and entrepreneurial activity: An international study. Small Business Economics, October, 1–14.
Van Everdingen, Y., & Waarts, E. (2003). The effect of national culture on the adoption of innovations. Marketing Letters, 14 (3), 217–232.
Venaik, S., & Brewer, P. A. (2008). Contradictions in national culture: Hofstede vs GLOBE. Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Academy of International Business, 274.
Verheul I., Van Stel A., & Thurik R. (2007). Explaining female and male entrepreneurship at the country level. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 18 (2), 151–183
Voss, Z. G., Voss, G. B., & Moorman, C. (2005). An empirical examination of the complex relationships between entrepreneurial orientation and stakeholder support. European Journal of Marketing, 39 (9/10), 1132–1150.
Wales, W. J. (2016). Entrepreneurial orientation: A review and synthesis of promising research directions. International Small Business Journal, 34 (1), 3–15.
Wales, W. J., Gupta, V. K., & Mousa, F. T. (2013). Empirical research on entrepreneurial orientation: An assessment and suggestions for future research. International Small Business Journal, 31 (4), 357–383.
Wales, W. J., Lumpkin, G. T., & Ensley, M. D. (2006). Linking new venture entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance: A multidimensional model of organizational structure moderation. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 26 (15), Article 8.
Wallace, G. (1993). Enterprise. Business Week, Special 1993 Bonus issue.
Warner-Søderholm, G. (2012). Was the Grass Trampled When the Two Elephants Fought? Measuring Societal Cultures: Project GLOBE vs. Hofstede. Journal of International Doctoral Research, 1 (1), 75–96.
Web of Science. (2018). Retrieved from http://login.webofknowledge.com/error/Error?Error=IPError&PathInfo=%2F&RouterURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com%2F&Domain=.webofknowledge.com&Src=IP&Alias=WOK5
Wiklund, J., & Shepherd, D. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance: a configurational approach. Journal of Business Venturing, 20 (1), 71–91.
Wiklund, J., & Shepherd, D. (2011). Where to from here? EO-as-experementation, failure, and distribution of outcomes. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35 (5), 925–946.
WVS Database. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSContents.jsp
Zahra, S. (1993). A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as ﬁrm behavior: A critique and extension, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 18, 5–21.
Zahra, S., & Neubaum, D. O. (1998). Environmental diversity and the entrepreneurial activities of new ventures. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 3 (2), 123–140.
Zahra, S., & Covin J. G. (1995). Contextual inﬂuences on the corporate entrepreneurship– performance relationship: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Business Venturing, 10 (1), 43–58.

Заказать новую

Лучшие эксперты сервиса ждут твоего задания

от 5 000 ₽

Не подошла эта работа?

Закажи новую работу, сделанную по твоим требованиям

Последние выполненные заказы

Хочешь уникальную работу?

Больше 3 000 экспертов уже готовы начать работу над твоим проектом!

Специализируюсь на правовых дипломных работах, магистерских и кандидатских диссертациях

#Кандидатские #Магистерские

495 Выполненных работ

Здравствуйте. Занимаюсь выполнением работ более 14 лет. Очень большой опыт. Более 400 успешно защищенных дипломов и диссертаций. Берусь только со 100% уверенностью. Ск... Читать все

Здравствуйте. Занимаюсь выполнением работ более 14 лет. Очень большой опыт. Более 400 успешно защищенных дипломов и диссертаций. Берусь только со 100% уверенностью. Скорее всего Ваш заказ будет выполнен раньше срока.

#Кандидатские #Магистерские

694 Выполненных работы

Берусь за решение юридических задач, за написание серьезных научных статей, магистерских диссертаций и дипломных работ. Окончила Кемеровский государственный универси... Читать все

Берусь за решение юридических задач, за написание серьезных научных статей, магистерских диссертаций и дипломных работ. Окончила Кемеровский государственный университет, являюсь бакалавром, магистром юриспруденции (с отличием)

#Кандидатские #Магистерские

38 Выполненных работ

Специализация: диссертации; дипломные и курсовые работы; научные статьи.

#Кандидатские #Магистерские

335 Выполненных работ

Работы пишу исключительно сама на основании действующих нормативных правовых актов, монографий, канд. и докт. диссертаций, авторефератов, научных статей. Дополнительно... Читать все

Работы пишу исключительно сама на основании действующих нормативных правовых актов, монографий, канд. и докт. диссертаций, авторефератов, научных статей. Дополнительно занимаюсь английским языком, уровень владения - Upper-Intermediate.

#Кандидатские #Магистерские

39 Выполненных работ

Добрый день, работаю в сфере написания студенческих работ более 7 лет. Всегда довожу своих студентов до защиты с хорошими и отличными баллами (дипломы, магистерские ди... Читать все

Добрый день, работаю в сфере написания студенческих работ более 7 лет. Всегда довожу своих студентов до защиты с хорошими и отличными баллами (дипломы, магистерские диссертации, курсовые работы средний балл - 4,5). Всегда на связи!

#Кандидатские #Магистерские

138 Выполненных работ

Практически всегда онлайн, доработки делаю бесплатно. Дипломные работы и Магистерские диссертации сопровождаю до защиты.

#Кандидатские #Магистерские

1077 Выполненных работ

Профессиональный журналист, филолог со стажем более 10 лет. Имею профильную диссертацию по специализации "Радиовещание". Подробно и серьезно разрабатываю темы научных... Читать все

Профессиональный журналист, филолог со стажем более 10 лет. Имею профильную диссертацию по специализации "Радиовещание". Подробно и серьезно разрабатываю темы научных исследований, связанных с журналистикой, филологией и литературой

#Кандидатские #Магистерские

33 Выполненных работы

Специальность "Государственное и муниципальное управление" Кандидатскую диссертацию защитил в 2006 г. Дополнительное образование: Оценка стоимости (бизнеса) и госфин... Читать все

Специальность "Государственное и муниципальное управление" Кандидатскую диссертацию защитил в 2006 г. Дополнительное образование: Оценка стоимости (бизнеса) и госфинансы (Казначейство). Работаю в финансовой сфере более 10 лет. Банки,риски

#Кандидатские #Магистерские

123 Выполненных работы