Стратегические приоритеты НАТО в Латвии, Литве и Эстонии
Целью данной магистерской диссертации является определение целей деятельности НАТО в Эстонии, Латвии и Литве. С момента вступления в Альянс, Прибалтийские страны всегда занимали заметное место среди остальных союзников в силу их прошлого в составе Советского Союза, отставания в развитии по сравнению с другими странами-участницами и полной поддержки лидерства США в Евро-Атлантическом сообществе С годами отношение к этим странам, а также восприятие НАТО их места внутри организации претерпели изменения. Нынешнее положение дел заставило НАТО обратить пристальное внимание на военные потенциал Эстонии, Латвии и Литвы, а также на их способность противостоять вызовам их безопасности с восточной границы. Данная магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения и библиографии. В первой главе автор рассматривает развитие отношений между Организацией Североатлантического договора и тремя Балтийскими странами перед вторым раундом расширения Альянса с окончания Холодной войны. Вторая глава посвящена вниманию НАТО к Эстонии, Латвии и Литве как к странам-членам и взгляду Альянса на их проблемы безопасности. Третья глава определяет нынешнее восприятие НАТО угрозы для Эстонии, Латвии и Литвы и готовность Альянса защищать Балтийские страны.
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Chapter 1. Establishment of the relations between NATO and Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia:
the preparation for admission…………………………………………………………………. 8
1.1 The convergence of NATO and the Baltic states’ interests in the early
1990s ……………………………………………………………………………………… 8
1.2 The discourse on NATO enlargement in three Baltic states……………………………….. 12
1.3 Positions of member states in regards to accepting Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia in the
Alliance ……………………………………………………………………………………… 21
Chapter II. Activity of NATO in the Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia in 2004-2013…………… 26 2.1 NATO’s vision of the Baltic states as members…………………………………………… 26 2.2 Military dimension of NATO’s activity in three Baltic states……………………………… 35 Chapter III. A contemporary state of affairs after the Ukrainian crisis………………………… 40 3.1 NATO’s perception of the threats on the Eastern border …………………………………. 40 3.2 Evaluation of NATO’s military potential in the Baltic states and its readiness to
defense…………………………………………………………………………………….. 50 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………… 59 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………… 62 Abbreviations………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 81
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania have always differed from other members of the North-Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), due to their past as former republics of the Soviet Union and limited military capabilities. These states are used to being considered together due to their historical experience and level of development, and we will do it as well in this research. Besides, some researchers consider NATO’s experience of enlargement in the Baltic states as a unique case because of its controversial nature and debatable benefits for the Alliance. On the one hand, the inclusion of the Baltic states into the Euro-Atlantic community opened new opportunities for NATO in the region on political as well as on the military levels. On the other hand, the Baltic states would not reach a minimum rate of military capabilities without the financial and technical assistance of some NATO member states. Moreover, it seemed that the precedent of former Soviet Republics’ membership in NATO would aggravate relations with Russia. Some allies emphasized the consequences of it and the existence of more suitable candidates among the European states. The fact that Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia obtained membership was a result of negotiations between the allies within NATO. After 2004 Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania found their niche within the Alliance, implementing the role of mediators between NATO and Near Abroad. In 2008, the Baltic states started to draw attention to their security concerns and lack of military presence of NATO on their territory. However, the period was distinguished for its steady development and involvement of the Baltic states into NATO structures and activity. If the period from 2004 to 2013 was a time of introduction of three states in NATO’s structures and determination of their role within the organization, the events of 2014 have changed the place of the Baltic states within the Alliance’s agenda, the perception of the threats and importance of assurance the member states in NATO’s commitments to them.
NATO’s activity in the Baltic states always caused internal and external discussions. The Soviet past and proximity to Russia distinguish Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania among other member states. The benefits and drawbacks of the Baltic states’ membership and profit for the Alliance are still being examined. Also, due to the public discussions in recent years on the role of NATO in the security of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, the discourse of the issue contains a large number of misinterpretations and disinformation. The overview of changes in the Alliance’s purposes in these countries through the years has gained considerable importance.
The aim of this master thesis is to define the purposes of NATO’s activity in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
The object of this analysis is NATO’s activity in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
The subject is the changing of NATO strategic priorities in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania from 1992 to the present.
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