Новая транспортная инфраструктура для поддержки торговли между БРИКС и Ассоциацией стран Юго-Восточной Азии (АСЕАН)
Исследование специфики новой инфраструктуры, поддерживающей торговлю между БРИКС и Ассоциацией государств Юго-Восточной Азии (АСЕАН). Целью исследования является выявление потенциала и направления торговли между БРИКС и АСЕАН, особенно в контексте Китай-АСЕАН, Россия-АСЕАН, Индия-АСЕАН и Инициативы «Пояс и дорога» или БРИ. По результатам исследований выяснилось, что Шелковый путь – это торговые и инвестиционные возможности. Для Китая новая инфраструктура помогает расширить влияние Китая на мировой арене за счет финансирования, развития инфраструктуры и инвестиций в китайские компании. Это также способ уменьшить избыточное предложение в стране, инвестируя в строительные материалы, произведенные в Китае, чтобы инвестировать в различных партнеров по проекту, повышая роль юаня как основной мировой валюты. Дальневосточный регион России является воротами между Европой и Азией. Китайско-российский проект строительства инфраструктуры может увеличить стоимость торговли. С точки зрения логистики, этот маршрут может стать новым транспортом для АСЕАН, чтобы проникнуть в Евразийский экономический союз, который использует железнодорожные перевозки в качестве основного маршрута, снижая транспортные расходы и будучи быстрее, чем раньше. Кроме того, Бангладеш, Китай, Индия и Экономический коридор Мьянмы (BCIM) являются одним из наиболее важных маршрутов для АСЕАН по расширению торговли и инвестиций, необходимых Индии для расширения своего влияния в регионе АСЕАН, так же как и в Китае. В настоящее время многие правительства стран АСЕАН берут кредиты у Китая, чтобы инвестировать в строительство инфраструктуры в стране с очень дефицитными ресурсами. Негативное влияние сотрудничества на новую инфраструктуру имеет не только экономическое, но и геополитическое отношение. Поэтому он считается деликатным вопросом во внешней политике, который влияет на отношения с другими великими державами. Тем не менее, АСЕАН, возможно, следует проявлять осторожность в отношении влияния Китая. Китай как важный кредитор будет оказывать экономическое влияние, создавая множество условий исключительно в интересах Китая.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. i
ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ii
АННОТАЦИЯ …………………………………………………………………………………….. iii
INTRODUCTION: THE RESEARCH BACKGROUND, APPROACH AND STRUCTURE…… 1
CHAPTER I……………………………………………………………………………………….. 11
1. Genesis of trade relations between BRICS and ASEAN in the context of the world globalization……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………11
1.1 Background of BRICS-ASEAN relations…………………………………………………………………. 11
1.2 Trade strategy in ASEAN under the framework of the BRICS mechanism. ……………… 18
1.3 Trade relations of each BRICS countries in ASEAN………………………………………………… 21
CHAPTER II ………………………………………. 34
2. ASEAN – BRICS in new infrastructure developments under BRI framework…………………….. 34
2.1 Genesis of The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) ……………………………………………………………… 34
2.2 The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in ASEAN……………………………………………………………… 38
2.2 One Belt One Road in other regions affecting ASEAN………………………………………………….. 55
CHAPTER III……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 63
3.The Impact on the development of new transportation foundation ……………………………………… 63
3.1 Trade Opportunities and trade cooperation of BRICS in ASEAN…………………………………. 63
3.2 Problems and barriers in the development of economic cooperation……………………………… 67 CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………………………….. 70
REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………………………………. 72
For many decades, the five emerging economies known as the BRICS have been playing an important role with developing countries and markets, especially countries in Southeast ASIA. BRICS’s relations with Southeast Asia is one of the promising relations in Asia and that of the 21st century endowed with strong strategic links in the present-being global economic players, ASEAN is a partner with varied commonality of interests ranging from trade to that of security-both traditional and non- traditional concerns. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), in 2019 the China’s second largest trading partner1, have been working with political trust, mutual respect and a win-win partnership.2 Both countries have attracted trade and investment from all over the world and make the ASEAN-China region as a growth pole. India-ASEAN trade and investment relations have been growing steadily, with India being the ASEAN’s sixth largest trading partner3 and have been also working on enhancing private sector engagement, ASEAN India-Business Council (AIBC) as a forum private sectors from India and the ASEAN countries on a single platform for business networking and sharing of ideas. ASEAN and Russia agree that they have potential for enhanced economic cooperation and trade relation, including encouraging the private sector and SMEs of the both sides to explore business opportunities with each other. Bilateral trade between African and ASEAN countries is growing fast, with ASEAN various companies operated in Africa, primarily in manufacturing, oil and urban development. Brazil’s efforts strengthen ties between Mercosur and ASEAN, making Latin American countries and Southeast Asia have played a strengthening role.
BRICS has an important role to stimulate global economic in accordance with the current global contexts for increasing participation of developing countries and emerging markets. China has launched a dialogue on BRICS Plus in emerging markets and developing countries from five different regions. One of them is Thailand, which is a representative country of Southeast Asia.
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is composed of Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Viet Nam which formed on August 8, 1967 with multiple goals— accelerating economic growth, social progress, and cultural development in the region.4 It also aims to promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law, under the principles of the United Nations Charter. Asia-
Pacific is the fastest growing region for the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) in the world,
especially in Southeast Asia. Leading manufacturers of consumer products invest continuously in this region, which has resulted in shipping and logistics sectors benefiting.
The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) aims to achieve the ASEAN Community Vision (2025)5 that will allow Southeast Asia or ASEAN to be stable, wealthy and be able to compete with other regions. ASEAN plays an important role in transportation links through CLMV countries (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam) to China along with “the Belt and Road Initiative or BRI of China”. China is promoting Chengdu to be a hub for connecting with important regions of China and connecting with Central Asia. As mention previously, the development of transportation will provide long-term economic benefits to ASEAN for creating economic opportunities for ASEAN through border trade to China and for exporting goods to Central Asia, Europe and other BRICS countries as well. Especially, in the context of South-South cooperation, it is important step for the BRICS to create comprehensive economic cooperation. ASEAN is an important goal of BRICS in expanding cooperation to create benefits in the economy and trade and investment. Various factors, as mentioned above, are therefore important targets for BRICS in expanding cooperation to create benefits in the economy and
trade, investment in BRICS.
BRICS has reached out to develop developing countries from each region of the world, which can together create a driving force that benefits the global economy by finding ways to collaborate further by pulling together the potential, diversity and strength that each country has together.
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