Синтез гетероендииновых систем, конденсированных с гетероциклами
Реакция Николаса – это общий синтетический метод, основанный на взаимодействии Co2(CO)6-стабилизированных карбкатионов с нуклеофилами. Эта реакция широко используется в органическом синтезе и является удобным инструментом для построения циклов среднего размера, к которым относятся 10-членные ендииновые структуры. Использование гетероатома в качестве нуклеофильной компоненты реакции позволяет существенно расширить число доступных аналогов ендииновых антибиотиков, которые возможно получить по реакции Николаса. В данной работе изучаются области применимости циклизации по Николасу как ключевой стадии в синтезе гетеро-ендииновых систем, аннелированных с гетероциклами.
Ендииновые антибиотики – это важный класс циклических алкинов. Ендииновый фрагмент включённый в десятичленный цикл способен вступать в циклизацию Бергмана с приемлемой скоростью при температуре человеческого тела1. Образующийся 1,4-фенилен дирадикал способен атаковать молекулу ДНК, отрывая атомы водорода от ее углеводной части и вызывая, таким образом, 1- и/или 2-нитевые разрывы ДНК, что приводит к гибели клетки. Такой механизм действия ендиинов лежит в основе противоопухолевого действия ендииновых антибиотиков (Рис. 1)2.
(1) Gordon, M. et al. ANTICANCER AGENTS from NATURAL ANTICANCER AGENTS from NATURAL; CRC Press, 2011.
(2) Snyder, J. P. Monocyclic Enediyne Collapse to 1,4-Diyl Biradicals: A Pathway under Strain Control. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112 (23), 5367–5369. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00169a064.
(3) Nicolaou, K. C.; Zuccarello, G.; Riemer, C.; Estevez, V. A.; Dai, W. M. Design, Synthesis, and Study of Simple Monocyclic Conjugated Enediynes. The 10-Membered Ring Enediyne Moiety of the Enediyne Anticancer Antibiotics. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114 (19), 7360–7371. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00045a005.
(4) Kulyashova, A. E.; Ponomarev, A. V.; Selivanov, S. I.; Khlebnikov, A. F.; Popik, V. V.; Balova, I. A. Cr(II)-Promoted Internal Cyclization of Acyclic Enediynes Fused to Benzo[b]Thiophene Core: Macrocycles versus 2-Methylenecycloalkan-1-Ols Formation. Arab. J. Chem. 2019, 12 (2), 151–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.05.005.
(5) Danilkina, N. A.; Lyapunova, A. G.; Khlebnikov, A. F.; Starova, G. L.; Bräse, S.; Balova, I. A. Ring-Closing Metathesis of Co2(CO)6-Alkyne Complexes for the Synthesis of 11-Membered Dienediynes: Overcoming Thermodynamic Barriers. J. Org. Chem. 2015, 80 (11), 5546–5555. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.5b00409.
(6) Lyapunova, A. G.; Danilkina, N. A.; Khlebnikov, A. F.; K??berle, B.; Br??se, S.; Balova, I. A. Oxaenediynes through the Nicholas-Type Macrocyclization Approach. European J. Org. Chem. 2016, 2016 (28), 4842–4851. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201600767.
(7) Lyapunova, A. G.; Danilkina, N. A.; Rumyantsev, A. M.; Khlebnikov, A. F.; Chislov, M. V.; Starova, G. L.; Sambuk, E. V.; Govdi, A. I.; Bräse, S.; Balova, I. A. Relative Reactivity of Benzothiophene-Fused Enediynes in the Bergman Cyclization. J. Org. Chem. 2018, 83 (5), 2788–2801. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.7b03258.
(8) Lockwood, R. F.; Nicholas, K. M. Transition Metal Stabilised Carbenium Ions as Synthetic Intermediates. Tetrahedron Lett. 1977, 18 (48), 4163–4166. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)83455-9.
(9) Teobald, B. J. The Nicholas Reaction: The Use of Dicobalt Hexacarbonyl-Stabilised Propargylic Cations in Synthesis. Tetrahedron 2002, 58 (21), 4133–4170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(02)00315-0.
(10) Magnus, P. A General Strategy Using Η2co2(Co)6 Acetylene Complexes for the Synthesis of the Enediyne Antitumor Agents Esperamicin, Calicheamicin, Dy. Tetrahedron 1994, 50 (5), 1397–1418. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)80626-8.
(11) Ni, R.; Mitsuda, N.; Kashiwagi, T.; Igawa, K.; Tomooka, K. Heteroatom-Embedded Medium-Sized Cycloalkynes: Concise Synthesis, Structural Analysis, and Reactions. Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. 2015, 54 (4), 1190–1194. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201409910.
(12) Hagendorn, T.; Bräse, S. A New Route to Dithia- and Thiaoxacyclooctynes via Nicholas Reaction. RSC Adv. 2014, 4 (30), 15493. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra01345j.
(13) Igawa, K.; Aoyama, S.; Kawasaki, Y.; Kashiwagi, T.; Seto, Y.; Ni, R.; Mitsuda, N.; Tomooka, K. Thieme Chemistry Journals Awardees: Where Are They Now? One-Pot Synthesis of Versatile Buckle Units for Click Chemistry: 4,8-Diazacyclononynes (DACNs). Synlett 2017, 28 (16), 2110–2114. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588839.
(14) Magnus, P.; Carter, P. A. A Model for the Proposed Mechanism of Action of the Potent Antitumor Antibiotic Esperamicin A1. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110 (5), 1626–1628. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00213a048.
(15) Maier, M. E.; Brandstetter, T. Synthesis of 11‐Membered Enediyne Ketones by the Intramolecular Nicholas Reaction. Liebigs Ann. der Chemie 1993, 1993 (9), 1009–1016. https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.1993199301160.
(16) Díaz, D. D.; Betancort, J. M.; Martín, V. S. The Nicholas Reaction: A Powerful Tool for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds. Synlett 2007, No. 3, 343–359. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-967958.
(17) Lyapunova, A. G.; Danilkina, N. A.; Khlebnikov, A. F.; Köberle, B.; Bräse, S.; Balova, I. A. Oxaenediynes through the Nicholas-Type Macrocyclization Approach. European J. Org. Chem. 2016, 2016 (28), 4842–4851. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201600767.
(18) Schreiber, S. L.; Sammakia, T.; Crowe, W. E. Lewis Acid Mediated Version of the Nicholas Reaction: Synthesis of Syn-Alkylated Products and Cobalt-Complexed Cycloalkynes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108 (11), 3128–3130. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00271a066.
(19) Magnus, P.; Carter, R.; Davies, M.; Elliott, J.; Pitterna, T. Studies on the Synthesis of the Core Structures of the Antitumor Agents Neocarzinostatin, Kedarcidin, C-1027 and Maduropeptin. Tetrahedron 1996, 52 (18), 6283–6306. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(96)00283-9.
(20) Mitachi, K.; Shimizu, T.; Miyashita, M.; Tanino, K. Cyclooctanone Synthesis via a Formal [6+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of a Dicobalt Acetylene Complex. Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51 (30), 3983–3986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.05.120.
(21) Iwasawa, N.; Otsuka, M.; Yamashita, S.; Aoki, M.; Takaya, J. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Naphthalyne-Co2(CO)6 Complexes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130 (20), 6328–6329. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja801569q.
(22) Goeminne, A.; Scammells, P. J.; Devine, S. M.; Flynn, B. L. Richter Cyclization and Co-Cyclization Reactions of Triazene-Masked Diazonium Ions. Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51 (52), 6882–6885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.10.122.
(23) Closser, K. D.; Quintal, M. M.; Shea, K. M. The Scope and Limitations of Intramolecular Nicholas and Pauson-Khand Reactions for the Synthesis of Tricyclic Oxygen-and Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles. J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74 (10), 3680–3688. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo8027592.
(24) Kaneda, K.; Fujita, M.; Naruse, R. Experimental Investigation of Tetracyclic Compounds Containing a Nine-Membered Sultam via Cobalt Alkyne Complexes. Heterocycles 2015, 92 (2), 291. https://doi.org/10.3987/COM-15-13381.
(25) Akimura, N.; Fujii, A.; Kamada, F.; Nogiwa, R.; Yamamoto, S.; Sato, T.; Ishikawa, S.; Okazaki, T.; Kaneda, K. Synthesis of Tetracyclic Molecules Containing Medium-Sized Heterocycles: Scope Expansion of Cascade Nicholas and Pauson–Khand Methodology. Synthesis (Stuttg). 2016, 48 (22), 3931–3940. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1562780.
(26) Kaneda, K.; Naruse, R.; Yamamoto, S. 2-Aminobenzenesulfonamide-Containing Cyclononyne as Adjustable Click Reagent for Strain-Promoted Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition. Org. Lett. 2017, 19 (5), 1096–1099. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00123.
(27) Kaneda, K.; Naruse, R.; Yamamoto, S.; Satoh, T. Reactivity of the Sultam and Strained Alkyne Groups in 2-Aminobenzenesulfonamide-Containing Cyclononyne (ABSACN). Asian J. Org. Chem. 2018, 7 (4), 793–801. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajoc.201700687.
(28) Hamajima, A.; Isobe, M. Total Synthesis of Ciguatoxin. Angew. Chemie – Int. Ed. 2009, 48 (16), 2941–2945. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200805996.
(29) Kira, K.; Hamajima, A.; Isobe, M. Synthesis of the BCD-Ring of Ciguatoxin 1B Using an Acetylene Cobalt Complex and Vinylsilane Strategy. Tetrahedron 2002, 58 (10), 1875–1888. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(02)00044-3.
(30) Baba, T.; Takai, S.; Sawada, N.; Isobe, M. Stereoselective Synthesis of the Fully Functionalized HIJ-Ring Framework of Ciguatoxin. Synlett 2004, No. 4, 603–608. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-817769.
(31) Shea, K. M.; Closser, K. D.; Quintal, M. M. Nicholas Reactions with Carboxylic Acids for the Synthesis of Macrocyclic Diolides. J. Org. Chem. 2005, 70 (22), 9088–9091. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo051691q.
(32) Roy, S. K.; Basak, A. Synthesis and Reactivity of a 9-Membered Azaenediyne: Importance of Proximity Effect in N-Alkylation. Chem. Commun. (Camb). 2006, No. 15, 1646–1648. https://doi.org/10.1039/b601348a.
(33) Díaz, D. D.; Ceñal, J. P.; Martín, V. S. Oxygen-Containing 10-, 15-, and 20-Membered Macrocyclic Cobalt Complexes from Co2(CO)6-Bispropargylic Alcohol. Molbank 2008, 2008 (1), M562. https://doi.org/10.3390/M562.
(34) Carrillo, R.; Martín, T.; López-Rodríguez, M.; Crisóstomo, F. P. Expedient Synthesis of C3-Symmetric Hexasubstituted Benzenes via Nicholas Reaction/[2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition. New Platforms for Molecular Recognition. Org. Lett. 2014, 16 (2), 552–555. https://doi.org/10.1021/ol403428p.
(35) Connor, R. E.; Nicholas, K. M. Isolation, Characterization, and Stability of ??-[(Ethynyl)Dicobalt Hexacarbonyl] Carbonium Ions. J. Organomet. Chem. 1977, 125 (2), 2–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-328X(00)89454-1.
(36) Danilkina, N. A.; Kulyashova, A. E.; Khlebnikov, A. F.; Bräse, S.; Balova, I. A. Electrophilic Cyclization of Aryldiacetylenes in the Synthesis of Functionalized Enediynes Fused to a Heterocyclic Core. J. Org. Chem. 2014, 79 (19), 9018–9045. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo501396s.
(37) Kanwal, I.; Mujahid, A.; Rasool, N.; Rizwan, K.; Malik, A.; Ahmad, G.; Shah, S. A. A.; Rashid, U.; Nasir, N. M. Palladium and Copper Catalyzed Sonogashira Cross Coupling an Excellent Methodology for C-C Bond Formation over 17 Years: A Review. Catalysts 2020, 10 (4), 443. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10040443.
(38) Li, Y. L.; Li, J.; Yu, S. N.; Wang, J. B.; Yu, Y. M.; Deng, J. A Concise Approach for the Synthesis of 3-Iodoindoles and 3-Iodobenzo[b]Furans via Ph3P-Catalyzed Iodocyclization. Tetrahedron 2015, 71 (43), 8271–8277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2015.09.005.
(39) Arnanz, A.; Marcos, M. L.; Delgado, S.; González-Velasco, J.; Moreno, C. The Effect of Thiophene Ring Substitution Position on the Properties and Electrochemical Behaviour of Alkyne-Dicobaltcarbonylthiophene Complexes. J. Organomet. Chem. 2008, 693 (23), 3457–3470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.08.005.
(40) Zhdanko, A.; Maier, M. E. Synthesis of Gem-Diaurated Species from Alkynols. Chem. – A Eur. J. 2013, 19 (12), 3932–3942. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201204491.
(41) Li, D. Y.; Chen, H. J.; Liu, P. N. Tunable Cascade Reactions of Alkynols with Alkynes under Combined Sc(OTf)3 and Rhodium Catalysis. Angew. Chemie – Int. Ed. 2016, 55 (1), 373–377. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201508914.
(42) Amin, J.; Motevalli, M.; Richards, C. J. Application of the Nicholas Reaction to the Synthesis of Dicobalt Hexacarbonyl Complexed Diyne Ethers. J. Organomet. Chem. 2015, 776, 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.10.030.
(43) Danilkina, N. A.; Gurskaya, L. Y.; Vasilyev, A. V.; Balova, I. A. Towards Isocoumarin-Fused Enediyne Systems through the Electrophilic Cyclization of Methyl o-(Buta-1,3-Diynyl)Benzoates. European J. Org. Chem. 2016, 2016 (4), 739–747. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201501262.
(44) Resch, D.; Lee, C. H.; Tan, S. Y.; Luo, L.; Goroff, N. S. Mechanism and Scope of the Base-Induced Dehalogenation of (E)-Diiodoalkenes. European J. Org. Chem. 2015, 2015 (4), 730–737. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.201402992.
(45) Govdi, A. I.; Danilkina, N. A.; Ponomarev, A. V.; Balova, I. A. 1-Iodobuta-1,3-Diynes in Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition: A One-Step Route to 4-Ethynyl-5-Iodo-1,2,3-Triazoles. J. Org. Chem. 2019, 84, 1925–1940. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.joc.8b02916.
(46) Schulze, B.; Schubert, U. S. Beyond Click Chemistry-Supramolecular Interactions of 1,2,3-Triazoles. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43 (8), 2522–2571. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60386e.
(47) Nagarjuna, G.; Yurt, S.; Jadhav, K. G.; Venkataraman, D. Impact of Pendant 1,2,3-Triazole on the Synthesis and Properties of Thiophene-Based Polymers. Macromolecules 2010, 43 (19), 8045–8050. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma101657e.
(48) Tsao, K.; Cheng, C.; Isobe, M. Cobalt-Mediated Synthesis of the Tricyclo[5.2.1.0 1,6 ]Decene Framework in Solanoeclepin A. Org. Lett. 2012, 14 (20), 5274–5277. https://doi.org/10.1021/ol302432d.
(49) Shao, H.; Zhang, X. M.; Wang, S. H.; Zhang, F. M.; Tu, Y. Q.; Yang, C. Propargylic Cation–Induced Intermolecular Electrophilic Addition–Semipinacol Rearrangement. Chem. Commun. 2014, 50 (43), 5691–5694. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cc49650c.
(50) Valderas, C.; De La Torre, M. C.; Fernández, I.; Muñoz, M. P.; Sierra, M. A. The Gold(I)- and Silver(I)-Catalyzed Nicholas Reaction. Organometallics 2013, 32 (4), 951–956. https://doi.org/10.1021/om3011257.
(51) Grissom, J. W.; Klingberg, D.; Huang, D.; Slattery, B. J. Tandem Enyne Allene−Radical Cyclization: Low-Temperature Approaches to Benz[ e ]Indene and Indene Compounds. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62 (3), 603–626. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo961049j.
(52) Nagata, R.; Yamanaka, H.; Okazaki, E.; Saito, I. Biradical Formation from Acyclic Conjugated Eneyne-Allene System Related to Neocarzinostatin and Esperamicin-Calichemicin. Tetrahedron Lett. 1989, 30 (37), 4995–4998. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)80564-5.
(53) Hughes, R. Summary for PolicymakersThermal Generation of a,3-Dehydrotoluene from (2 ) – 1,2,4-Heptatrien-6-Yne. In Climate Change 2013 – The Physical Science Basis; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Ed.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 2008; Vol. 53, pp 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
(54) Chen, S.; Huang, S.; Wang, C.; Ding, Y.; Hu, A. Cycloaromatization of Enediyne Compounds under the Action of Bromide Ions: Diradical/Zwitterionic/Anionic Pathways. Asian J. Org. Chem. 2017, 6 (8), 1099–1103. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajoc.201700136.
(55) Colis, L. C.; Woo, C. M.; Hegan, D. C.; Li, Z.; Glazer, P. M.; Herzon, S. B. The Cytotoxicity of (-)-Lomaiviticin A Arises from Induction of Double-Strand Breaks in DNA. Nat. Chem. 2014, 6 (6), 504–510. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1944.
(56) Povirk, L. F.; Wübker, W.; Köhnlein, W.; Hutchinson, F. DNA Double-Strand Breaks and Alkali-Labile Bonds Produced by Bleomycin. Nucleic Acids Res. 1977, 4 (10), 3573–3580. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/4.10.3573.
(57) Peterson, A.; Kaasik, M.; Metsala, A.; Järving, I.; Adamson, J.; Kanger, T. Tunable Chiral Triazole-Based Halogen Bond Donors: Assessment of Donor Strength in Solution with Nitrogen-Containing Acceptors. RSC Adv. 2019, 9 (21), 11718–11721. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ra01692a.
(58) Mames, A.; Stecko, S.; Mikołajczyk, P.; Soluch, M.; Furman, B.; Chmielewski, M. Direct, Catalytic Synthesis of Carbapenams via Cycloaddition/Rearrangement Cascade Reaction: Unexpected Acetylenes’ Structure Effect. J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75 (22), 7580–7587. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo101355h.
(59) Graham E. Jones, David A. Kendrick, and A. B. H. 1,4-BIS(TRIMETHYLSILYL)BUTA-1,3-DIYNE. Org. Synth. 1987, 65 (September), 52. https://doi.org/10.15227/orgsyn.065.0052.
(60) Lapinsky, D. J.; Aggarwal, S.; Nolan, T. L.; Surratt, C. K.; Lever, J. R.; Acharya, R.; Vaughan, R. A.; Pandhare, A.; Blanton, M. P. (±)-2-(N-Tert-Butylamino)-3′-[ 125I]-Iodo-4′- Azidopropiophenone: A Dopamine Transporter and Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Photoaffinity Ligand Based on Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban). Bioorganic Med. Chem. Lett. 2012, 22 (1), 523–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.086.
(61) Blanksby, S. J.; Dua, S.; Bowie, J. H.; Schro, D. Gas-Phase Syntheses of Three Isomeric C 5 H 2 Radical Anions and Their Elusive Neutrals . A Joint Experimental and Theoretical Study. 1998, 9949–9956.
(62) Ramakrishna, G. V.; Fernandes, R. A. Total Synthesis of the Sensitive Triyne Natural Product (4 S,5 S)-4,8-Dihydroxy-3,4-Dihydrovernoniyne and All of Its Stereoisomers. Org. Lett. 2019, 21 (15), 5827–5831. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01897.
(63) Wang, L.; Shou, P. P.; Wei, S. P.; Zhang, C.; Li, S. X.; Liu, P. X.; Du, X.; Wang, Q. Total Synthesis of Chiral Falcarindiol Analogues Using BINOL-Promoted Alkyne Addition to Aldehydes. Molecules 2016, 21 (1), E112. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21010112.
Последние выполненные заказы
Хочешь уникальную работу?
Больше 3 000 экспертов уже готовы начать работу над твоим проектом!