Торговая война Китая с США с точки зрения глобальных цепочек создания стоимости

As the largest developing and developed countries in the world, China and the United States are the most important bilateral trading partners in the world today, and are also important forces to promote the growth of international trade in the division of GVCs. In 2017, bilateral trade between China and the United States was $655.563 billion, nine times as much as in the early part of the century. Of these, the US exports $129.798 billion to China, accounting for 8.4% of the total US exports, and China is the third largest export destination country in the United States after Canada and Mexico, and the US imports $525.765 billion from China, accounting for 21.86% of the total US imports1.
But with the deepening development of US-China economic and trade relations, the trade balance between the two countries is gradually expanding. In 2017, the trade imbalance reached $300.53 billion, an increase of 11.27% over the same period last year. The trade imbalance between China and the United States is increasingly prominent, and the huge trade imbalance is considered to be the core problem that causes bilateral trade war between China and the United States. For the huge current account imbalance between China and the United States, Krugman(2010) think this is mainly due to China’s long-term use of unfair competitive means such as manipulating the exchange rate of Yuan, so the United States should impose punitive tariffs on goods imported from China, which provides a theoretical basis for the United States to launch a trade war. The intensification of US-China trade has made US-China economic and trade relations and even the world economic pattern face great uncertainty.
Nevertheless, in the context of international production networks (Ernst,1998), particularly the deepening development of global value chains (GVCs), the production links of the products are divided into multiple production stages
1 US-China Trade Summary 2017 Data . URL-https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/USA/Year/2017/Summary/
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distributed in different countries, and the production activities of each country are closely linked together to form an inseparable world market. Against this background, there are serious shortcomings in the official accounting method based on gross value statistics, which is difficult to reflect the GVCs under the true situation of international trade, especially for large processing trade countries such as China. A large number of labor-intensive industries at the low end of the GVCs have been undertaken in the form of processing trade. Gross export trade is more likely to be overvalued, mismatched between trade gains and trade balances, creating “statistical illusions” (Srholec,2007). Therefore, the WTO former Director-General Lamy advocated the establishment of a new trade interest accounting system based on trade in value added in 2011, and OECD and WTO also launched a joint research project on “trade in value added measurement” in 2012. Since then, the method of accounting bilateral trade benefits based on trade in value-added has been widely used, and the related research of GVCs has become the mainstream of international trade.
Current state of knowledge in research area
There is an extensive body of literature with respect to US-China trade war, in which authors provide the general overview of its development and analysis of its causes and impacts. There are many papers of researchers devoted to this theme: Yu Zhen, Chen Zhiyong, Zhang Erzheng, Chen Hong, Ma Xuejun, Xiao Zhimin, Zheng Jian, Zhou Run, Zhou Shudong, Zhou Zhengming.
Studies that specifically focus on the US-China trade war from the perspective of GVCs are relatively limited, such as Li Feng, Lan Qingxin, Dou Kai, Wang Wuqing, Zhang Zhiming, Lou Feng.